If the present infinitive shown is active, change it to passive and then translate the new form. If the present infinitive shown is passive, change it to active and then translate the new form.
If the perfect infinitive shown is active, change it to passive (using the masculine nominative singular form of the participle) and then translate the new form. If the perfect infinitive shown is passive, change it to active and then translate the new form.
aspexisse aspectus esse, “to have been looked at”
imperātus esse imperāvisse, “to have commanded”
implētus esse implēvisse, “to have filled”
dūxisse ductus esse, “to have been led”
sensus esse sensisse, “to have felt”
Infinitive Uses
Identify whether the bolded infinitive is subjective or complementary and then translate the sentence.
incipere est difficile. subjective, “To begin is difficult.” OR “It is difficult to begin.”
ille discēdere poterit. complementary, “That man will be able to depart.”
in hortō sedēre licet. subjective, “To sit in the garden is allowed.” OR “It is allowed to sit in the garden.”
docēre carmina possum. complementary, “I can teach the songs.” OR “I am able to teach the songs.”
Gerunds
Produce the genitive gerund for the following verb forms.
incipiō, incipere, incēpī, inceptum - to begin incipiendī
discēdō, discēdere, discessī, discessurus - to leave, depart discēdendī
amō, amāre, amāvī, amātus - to love amandī
doceō, docēre, docuī, doctus - to teach docendī
Gerund-Replacing Gerundives
Translate the following sentence and phrases that contain GRGs.
ad incipiendum iter for the purpose of beginning a journey
ars scrībendōrum librōrum the art of writing books
docendīs puellīs parat. He prepares by teaching girls.
rēgīnae iuvandae grātiā for the sake of helping the queen
Gerundives
Determine whether the gerundive is being used as a GRG, verbal adjective, or a part of a passive periphrastic.
Puella docenda est. passive periphrastic (“The girl must be taught.”)
Puerī docendī in urbe vīxērunt. verbal adjective (“The boys who are to be taught lived in the city.”)
rēgīnae docendae grātiā vēnit. GRG (“She came for the sake of teaching the queen.”)