Identify the relative clause in the following sentences. Do not translate (unless you’re feeling adventurous!).
monstra nautās quōrum nāvēs vīdimus terruērunt. (terreō, -ēre, -uī, -itus, to terrify, frighten) quōrum nāvēs vīdimus; The monsters terrified the sailors whose ships we saw.
urbs quam regēs regunt septem portās habet. (porta, -ae, f. - gate) quam regēs regunt; The city which the kings rule has seven gates.
mīles ducibus quī ā flūmine veniunt epistulās dābit. quī ā flūmine veniunt; The soldier will give the letters to the leaders who are coming from the river.
verba quae mihi dicenda sunt dīcō. quae mihi dicenda sunt; I am saying the words that must be said by me.
In each of the following English sentences, identify the relative clause, and determine what case and use the relative pronoun would be in Latin according to its use within the clause. Do not translate into Latin (unless you feel adventurous!).
We were attacked by the sailors who had come from the sea. who had come from the sea; nominative, subject; ā nautīs quī ā marī vēnerant petitī sumus.
The citizens to whom we gave peace nevertheless did not encourage us. (tamen - nevertheless) to whom we gave peace; dative, indirect object; cīvēs quibus pacem dedimus tamen nōs nōn hortātī sunt.
He slept near the river from which my family brought the water. (prope + acc. - near) from which my family brought the water; ablative of motion from; prope flūmen ā quō familia mea aquam tulit dormīvit.
I don’t trust the woman whose husband we recognized. whose husband we recognized; genitive of possession; fēminae cuius maritum cognōvimus nōn crēdō.
In each of the following sentences, parse the relative pronoun, identify and parse its antecedent, and then translate.
mīlitēs verba clamāvērunt quae nōs hortāta sunt. (clamō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus - to shout) quae - neut. nom. pl.; verba - neut. acc. pl.; The soldiers shouted words which encouraged us.
ā frātre sorōrēs creditae sunt quī hanc epistulam scripsit. quī - masc. nom. sg.; frātre - masc. abl. sg.; The sisters were believed by the brother who wrote this letter.
rēgina regnum rexit in quō nōmina nostra cognoscuntur. quō - neut. abl. sg.; regnum - neut. acc. sg.; The queen ruled the kingdom in which our names are known.
illī librī hīs puellīs legendī sunt quae discere volunt. quae - fem. nom. pl.; puellīs - fem. dat. pl.; Those books must be read by these girls who want to learn.
Identify whether each of the following sentences uses a relative clause of characteristic, a connecting relative, or a straightforward relative clause. Then, translate.
haec est quae id putet. relative clause of characteristic; This is the kind of woman who would think this.
haec est quae id putat. relative clause; This is the woman who thinks this.
mīles pulcher est. quem cum vidērēmus, mirābāmur. connecting relative; The soldier is handsome. When we saw him, we marveled.
mīles est quem mirēmur. relative clause of characteristic; The soldier is the kind of man whom we would marvel at.